annabiotica

Clue Found for Cancer Drug Resistance

2011-09-08T23:34:00.000-07:00

A study of Science Translational Medicine shows a chemical reaction went into overdrive as conflict developed. Scientists said drugs were already on the market which interferes with the process. Cancer Research UK said the field offered "tremendous optimism". Researchers said “An international team of researchers were investigating the cancer drug cetuximab, which is used to treat colorectal cancer, head and neck cancers and some lung cancers.”

It targets a protein - epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) - which drives tumour growth. They said "all patients will ultimately develop resistance to cetuximab" but that little was known about how the resistance developed.Dr Pasi Janne, from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, said: "ERBB2 activates a critical signalling pathway that is not normally blocked by cetuximab, and in this way subverts cetuximab's function.

"Because ERBB2 isn't affected by cetuximab, this is an easy way for cancers to become resistant to the drug."

The researchers said several drugs which target ERBB2 had already been approved so "the findings from the current study can be used to design potential clinical therapies".

However, they caution that there are likely to be other ways that cancers can develop resistance.

Henry Scowcroft, science information manager at Cancer Research UK, said: "Unfortunately, patients' tumours can become resistant to treatment, and understanding why this happens is a major challenge in cancer research.

Qing Xian Feng Die

2009-08-12T22:18:00.000-07:00

Common Names: Qing Xian Feng Die, Qing Tiao Feng Die, Qing Feng Die

Distribution: From plains to mountains of altitudes of 2500 meters.

Shape and Features:A sequence of green belts on the middle of the fore and hind wings. The bottom color of its wings is blackish brown; there is a row of green crescent line on the rims of hind wings. There is a delicate red line on the inner surface.

Habitual Behavior:Having great vitality, it likes to fly high at top of the trees, making itself difficult to be seen. This butterfly flies like a lighting and would only fly down to the ground when it needs to suck water or nectar. It is frequently seen a lot everywhere around the island.

Oils

2009-08-11T03:21:00.000-07:00

Oils are fats that are liquid at room temperature, like the vegetable oils used in cooking. Oils come from many different plants and from fish. Some common oils are:
• canola oil
• corn oil
• cottonseed oil
• olive oil
• safflower oil
• soybean oil
• sunflower oil

Some oils are used mainly as flavorings, such as walnut oil and sesame oil. A number of foods are naturally high in oils, like:
• nuts
• olives
• some fish
• avocados
Oils from plant sources (vegetable and nut oils) do not contain any cholesterol. In fact, no foods from plants sources contain cholesterol.

A few plant oils, however, including coconut oil and palm kernel oil, are high in saturated fats and for nutritional purposes should be considered to be solid fats.

Solid fats are fats that are solid at room temperature, like butter and shortening. Solid fats come from many animal foods and can be made from vegetable oils through a process called hydrogenation. Some common solid fats are:
• butter
• beef fat (tallow, suet)
• chicken fat
• pork fat (lard)
• stick margarine
• shortening

Bioluminescent

2009-08-03T21:42:00.000-07:00

Living things which are capable of creating their own light are called 'bioluminescent'. Science has known ever since William Beebe explored the darkness of the deep ocean that many deep sea marine species have glowing spots in strategic places or patterns on their bodies. Terrestrial species with similar abilities continue to be discovered. Many of these are small invertebrates and fungi, usually hidden from view in the dense rainforest vegetation, leaf litter or in the soil. Finding new species during the light of day is difficult enough. Finding a newly discovered species with abilities that can only be seen in the dark can be even more difficult.

How does a living thing create light?

Presented as simply as possible, bioluminescence occurs when the luciferase enzyme and the chemical luciferin react. A third element needs to be present for this reaction to take place which varies according to the type of animal or fungus. For example, in fireflies and glow worms, ATP is required; for jellyfish, calcium would be needed; and peroxide for earthworms. Oxygen is also sometimes required. Whatever the exact reactants are for each animal or fungus, the end result is the release of energy in the form of light.

Why would a living thing want or need to create light?

The chemical reaction described above and the resultant unstable by-product are often referred to by the experts as 'an excited state'. In some cases, this may be a clue as to why an animal might be bioluminescent but the situation is different for each type of animal that has the ability to glow. For fireflies, the ability to glow is useful for attracting mates. The glow worm has a better chance at a full dinner because it uses its pale green light to draw in a curious, unsuspecting meal.

India's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft has experienced a technical problem

2009-07-17T21:57:00.000-07:00

A sensor of the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft has experienced a technical problem and steps have been taken to make sure it is capable to carry on its work.

However the chance remains that the mission might have to be cut short.

Chandrayaan-1 was launched on October 2009 and is considered as a most important key for India as it seeks to keep pace with other space-faring nations in Asia.

Scientists in the Indian Space Research Organization said that the "vital star sensor" of the spaceship had "malfunctioned".

ISRO spokesman S Satish said,” The mission is safe, but its lifespan may be affected”.

At present the spacecraft has been placed on a higher orbit, this might have an effect on the quality of the photographs being sent back after the problem is solved the spacecraft will be placed in the same place.

The spaceship is on a two-year task of examination.

The programmed probe will orbit the Moon, compiling a 3-D atlas of the moon surface and mapping the sharing of elements and minerals.

Heliophysics

2009-07-10T21:17:00.000-07:00

Heliophysics is a new word coined to represent the study of all the inter-related phenomena in the region of space influenced by the Sun, our star.Understanding the Sun, Heliosphere, and Planetary Environments as a single connected system is the goal of the Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research Program. In addition to solar processes, our domain of study includes the interaction of solar plasma and radiation with Earth, the other planets, and the Galaxy. By analyzing the connections between the Sun, solar wind, planetary space environments, and our place in the Galaxy, we are uncovering the fundamental physical processes that occur throughout the Universe. Understanding the connections between the Sun and its planets will allow us to predict the impacts of solar variability on humans, technological systems, and even the presence of life itself.

Heliophysics is needed to facilitate the accelerated expansion of human experience beyond the confines of our Earthly home. Recent advances in technology allow us, for the first time, to realistically contemplate voyages beyond the solar system.

There are three primary objectives that define the multi-decadal studies needed:
• To understand the changing flow of energy and matter throughout the Sun, Heliosphere, and Planetary Environments.
• To explore the fundamental physical processes of space plasma systems.
• To define the origins and societal impacts of variability in the Earth-Sun System.

A combination of interrelated elements is used to achieve these objectives. They include complementary missions of various sizes; timely development of enabling and enhancing technologies; and acquisition of knowledge through research, analysis, theory, and modeling.

Story of Indian Tricolour

2009-06-30T05:50:00.000-07:00

The first national flag in India is said to hoisted on August 7, 1906, in the Parsee Bagan Square (Green Park) in Calcutta now Kolkata. The flag was composed of three horizontal strips of red, yellow and green.

The second flag was hoisted in Paris by Madame Cama and her band of exiled revolutionaries in 1907 (according to some inl9OS). This was very similar to the first flag except that the top strip had only one lotus but seven stars denoting the Saptarishi. This flag was also exhibited at a socialist conference in Berlin.

The third flag went up in 1917 when our political struggle had taken a definite turn. Dr. Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak hoisted it during the Home rule movement. This flag had five red and four green horizontal strips arranged alternately, with seven stars in the saptarishi configuration super-imposed on them. In the left-hand top corner (the pole end) was the Union Jack. There was also a white crescent and star in one corner.

During the session of the All India Congress Committee which met at Bezwada in 1921 (now Vijayawada) an Andhra youth prepared a flag and took it to Gandhiji. It was made up of two colours-red and green-representing the two major communities i.e. Hindus and Muslims. Gandhiji suggested the addition of a white strip to represent the remaining communities of India and the spinning wheel to symbolise progress of the Nation.

The year 1931 was a landmark in the history of the flag. A resolution was passed adopting a tricolor flag as our national flag. This flag, the forbear of the present one, was saffron, white and green with Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel at the center. It was, however, clearly stated that it bore no communal significance and was to be interpreted thus.

On July 22, 1947, the Constituent Assembly adopted it as Free India National Flag. After the advent of Independence, the colours and their significance remained the same. Only the Dharma Charkha of Emperor Asoka was adopted in place of the spinning wheel as the emblem on the flag. Thus, the tricolour flag of the Congress Party eventually became the tricolour flag of Independent India.

Chandrayaan-2

2009-06-18T22:28:00.000-07:00

After the victorious launch of India's first mission to moon, Chandrayaan-1, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is setting up to send its second lunar odyssey, Chandrayaan-2, an Indo-Russian joint venture, to be expected by the end of next year or early 2010. Russia's Federal Space Agency (Roskosmos) is combining with ISRO for development of Chandrayaan-2 Lander/Rover.

Chandrayaan-2 will comprise the spacecraft and a landing platform with the moon rover. The rover would move on wheels on the lunar surface, pick up samples of soil or rocks, do a chemical analysis and send the data to the spacecraft orbiting above.

The rover will weigh between 30 kg and 100 kg, depending on whether it is to do a semi-hard landing or soft landing. The rover will have an operating life-span of a month. It will run mainly on solar energy.

Autonomous building

2008-02-26T21:19:00.000-08:00

An autonomous building is a building designed to be operated independently from infrastructural support services such as the electric power grid, municipal water systems, sewage treatment systems, storm drains, communication services, and in some cases public roads.

Advocates of autonomous building describe advantages that include reduced environmental impacts, increased security, and lower costs of ownership. Some cited advantages satisfy tenets of green building, not independence per se. Off-grid buildings often rely very little on civil services and are therefore safer and more comfortable during civil disaster or military attacks. (Off-grid buildings would not lose power or water if public supplies were compromised for some reason.)

nal Reconnaissance Office

2008-02-21T23:07:00.001-08:00

The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), located in Chantilly, Virginia, is one of the 16 intelligence agencies in the U.S. It designs, builds and operates the reconnaissance satellites of the United States government. It also coordinates collection and analysis of information from airplane and satellite reconnaissance by the military services and the Central Intelligence Agency. It is funded through the National Reconnaissance Program, which is part of the National Foreign Intelligence Program. The agency is part of the Department of Defense.

Logic control

2008-02-14T23:51:00.000-08:00

Pure logic control systems were historically implemented by electricians with networks of relays, and designed with a notation called ladder logic. Today, most such systems are constructed with programmable logic devices.

Logic controllers may respond to switches, light sensors, pressure switches etc and cause the machinery to perform some operation. Logic systems are used to sequence mechanical operations in many applications. Examples include elevators, washing machines and other systems with interrelated stop-go operations.

Logic systems are quite easy to design, and can handle very complex operations. Some aspects of logic system design make use of Boolean logic.

System-of-Systems Engineering (SoSE)

2008-02-07T19:09:00.000-08:00

System-of-Systems Engineering (SoSE) is a set of developing processes and methods for designing and implementing solutions to System-of-Systems problems. SoSE is relatively new term being used in Department of Defense applications, but is increasingly being applied to non-military/security related problems (e.g., transportation, healthcare, Internet, search and rescue, space exploration). SoSE is more than systems engineering of complex systems because design for System-of-Systems problems is performed under some level of uncertainty in the requirements and the constituent systems, and it involves considerations in multiple levels and domains. Whereas SE focuses on building the system right, SoSE focuses on choosing the right system(s) to satisfy the requirements.

Anthrozoology

2008-01-24T01:22:00.000-08:00

Anthrozoology is the study of human-animal interaction ("animal" referring to all non-human animals), also described as the science focusing on all aspects of the human-animal bond.

Anthrozoology is a modern interdisciplinary and burgeoning field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines, including anthropology, ethology, medicine, psychology, veterinary medicine and zoology. A major focus of anthrozoologic research is the quantifying of the positive effects of human-animal relationships on either party and the study of the reality of their interactions.

Nucleolus

2008-01-16T20:37:00.000-08:00

The nucleolus is a discrete densely-stained structure found in the nucleus. It is not surrounded by a membrane, and is sometimes called a suborganelle. It forms around tandem repeats of rDNA, DNA coding for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These regions are called nucleolar organizer regions (NOR). The main roles of the nucleolus are to synthesize rRNA and assemble ribosomes. The structural cohesion of the nucleolus depends on its activity, as ribosomal assembly in the nucleolus results in the transient association of nucleolar components, facilitating further ribosomal assembly, and hence further association. This model is supported by observations that inactivation of rDNA results in intermingling of nucleolar structures.

Psychology

2008-01-08T20:20:00.000-08:00

Psychology (from Greek, ψυχή, "psyche", soul, and λόγος, science, "logos") is both an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. There is some tension between scientific psychology (with its program of empirical research) and applied psychology (dealing with a number of areas, but primarily counseling).

Psychologists attempt to explain the mind and brain in the context of real life, in contrast to the physiological approach used by neurologists. Psychologists study such phenomena as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including issues related to daily life—e.g. family, education, and work—and the treatment of mental health problems.

Physicalism & Pluralism

2008-01-03T21:39:00.000-08:00

The concept of "nature" embraced by contemporary metaphysical naturalists excludes by definition gods, spirits, and any other supernatural beings, objects, or forces. This particular definition rests in an ambiguity caused by the use of the term "supernatural" by Richard Carrier and other apologists for naturalism whereby this word indicates non-materially reducible entities (spiritual substances) rather than the traditional meaning (where a spiritual substance, if created, is encompassed within the natural world, though being a spiritual or immaterial substance). There are many different varieties of metaphysical naturalism, but all can be separated into two general categories, physicalism and pluralism. Physicalism entails the claim that everything everyone has observed or claimed to observe is in actual fact the product of fundamentally mindless arrangements or interactions of matter-energy in space-time, and therefore it is unreasonable to believe anything else exists.

Computer programming

2007-12-27T22:11:00.001-08:00

Computer programming (often shortened to programming or coding) is the process of writing, testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language. The code may be a modification of an existing source or something completely new, the purpose being to create a program that exhibits a certain desired behavior (customization). The process of writing source codes requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms, and formal logic.

Within software engineering, programming (the implementation) is regarded as one phase in a software development process.

In some specialist applications or extreme situations a program may be written or modified (known as patching) by directly storing the numeric values of the machine code instructions to be executed into memory.

DNA microarray

2007-12-18T23:54:00.000-08:00

A DNA microarray (also commonly known as gene or genome chip, DNA chip, or gene array) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots, commonly representing single genes, arrayed on a solid surface by covalent attachment to a chemical matrix. DNA arrays are different from other types of microarray only in that they either measure DNA or use DNA as part of its detection system. Qualitative or quantitative measurements with DNA microarrays utilize the selective nature of DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridization under high-stringency conditions and fluorophore-based detection. DNA arrays are commonly used for expression profiling, i.e., monitoring expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously, or for comparative genomic hybridization.

Digital Video Interactive

2007-12-11T22:42:00.000-08:00

Digital Video Interactive (DVI) was the first multimedia desktop video standard for IBM-compatible personal computers, developed around 1984 by Section 17 of The David Sarnoff Research Center Labs (a division of RCA at the time, later DSRC became a division of General Electric after their purchase of RCA in 1986, and then the technology was sold by GE to Intel in 1988). The DSRC was sold to SRI International and as of 2007, continues research operations in technology and other areas on a contract basis.

DVI technology allowed full-screen, full motion video, as well as stereo audio, still images, and graphics to be presented on a DOS-based desktop computer. DVI content was usually distributed on CD-ROM discs, which in turn was decoded and displayed via specialized hardware installed in the computer. Audio and video files for DVI were among the first to use data compression, with audio content using ADPCM. DVI was the first technology of its kind for the desktop PC, and ushered in the multimedia revolution for PCs.

Nuclear fuel cycle

2007-12-06T00:41:00.000-08:00

Thermal reactors generally depend on refined and enriched uranium. Some nuclear reactors can operate with a mixture of plutonium and uranium. The process by which uranium ore is mined, processed, enriched, used, possibly reprocessed and disposed of is known as the nuclear fuel cycle.

Under 1% of the uranium found in nature is the easily fissionable U-235 isotope and as a result most reactor designs require enriched fuel. Enrichment involves increasing the percentage of U-235 and is usually done by means of gaseous diffusion or gas centrifuge. The enriched result is then converted into uranium dioxide powder, which is pressed and fired onto pellet form. These pellets are stacked into tubes which are then sealed and called fuel rods. Many of these fuel rods are used in each nuclear reactor.

Most BWR and PWR commercial reactors use uranium enriched to about 4% U-235, and some commercial reactors with a high neutron economy do not require the fuel to be enriched at all (that is, they can use natural uranium). According to the International Atomic Energy Agency there are at least 100 research reactors in the world which use highly enriched, weapons-grade uranium (90% enrichment) as their fuel.

What Is a Package in Java?

2007-11-27T22:40:00.000-08:00

A package is a namespace that manages a set of connected classes and interfaces. Conceptually you can think of packages as being related to different folders on your computer. You can maintain and keep the HTML pages in one folder, images in another, and scripts or applications in however another. Since, the software written in the Java programming language can be composed of hundreds or thousands of individual classes; it makes sense to maintain things organized by placing related classes and interfaces into packages.

A short note on Groundwater

2007-11-20T22:59:00.000-08:00

Groundwater is the water flowing within aquifers under the water table. Within aquifers, the water runs through the pore spaces in unconsolidated sediments and the fractures of rocks. Groundwater is revitalized from, and finally runs to, the surface naturally; natural discharge often occurs at springs and seeps and can form oases or swamps. The Groundwater is as well sometime withdrawn for agricultural, municipal and industrial use through artificial or the man-made wells. The study of the groundwater distribution and the movement is hydrogeology.

Groundwater can be a long-term 'reservoir' of the natural water cycle as different to short-term water reservoirs like the atmosphere and the fresh surface water (which have habitation times from minutes to years). This deep groundwater (which is somewhat distant from the surface recharge) can take extremely long time to complete its natural cycle. Groundwater is of course replenished by surface water from precipitation, the streams, and the rivers when this recharge reaches the water table. It is expected that the volume of groundwater is fifty times that of surface freshwater; the icecaps and the glaciers are the only bigger reservoir of fresh water on earth.

Here is a view on Vehicle construction and design

2007-11-13T22:11:00.000-08:00

The Psychology in car manufacturing by tradition deals with questions of ergonomics, however since the 1980s new in-car devices and has associated latest infrastructure have emerged as a speedily growing field. An Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and the latest information systems are planned to support the driver in an apt, user-oriented way. According to the analyses of the driving tasks which drivers have to deal with, for example multiple tasks requiring divided attention, psychologists’ most important orientation in the design process are towards human requirements. This has defining the technical necessities, human-centered development and the usability of ADAS, the operability of Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI), behavioral adaptation and the risk compensation, approval of innovations, and the social impacts.

A short note on Willamette River

2007-11-06T22:01:00.000-08:00

The Willamette River (pronounced as "wil-LAM-met") is a tributary of the Columbia River, just about 240 mi (386 km) long, in the northwestern Oregon in the United States. The Flowing northward involving the Coastal Range and Cascade Range, the river and its tributaries form a basin called the Willamette Valley containing the biggest population centers of Oregon, together with Portland, which sits along both sides of the river next to its mouth on the Columbia. Its fertile valley is fed by prolific rainfall on the western side of the Cascades, forming one of the lushest agricultural regions of North America that was the destination for many if not most of the emigrants next to the Oregon Trail. The river was a main transportation route all over much of the early history of the state, furnishing a means of conveying the vast timber and the agricultural resources of the state to the outside world.

What do you mean by Filters?

2007-10-31T03:34:00.000-07:00

The filters are used to clean the water and take away the impurities, e.g. shells and algae. The filtration is to 2 micrometers. The filters are therefore fine so as not to block the pores of the reservoir. The Sand filters are the easiest to make use of, because there is an automatic system with Delta P which cleans the filter with a backwash when the sand filter is dirty or unclean. The sand filter has various beds with different sizes of sand. The sea water traverses the first, finest, layer of sand caused by the coarsest and to clean the filter, the method is inverted. After the water is filtered it goes on with to fill the de-oxygenation tower.

Special glasses

2007-10-24T01:02:00.001-07:00

The delusion of three dimensions on a two dimensional surface can be created by given that each eye with different visual information. The Classic 3D glasses make the illusion of three dimensions when viewing particularly prepared images. The classic 3D glasses have one red lens and one blue lens. The 3D glasses made of cardboard and the plastic are distributed at 3D movies. Another kind of 3D glasses uses the polarized filters. One type of electronic 3D spectacles uses electronic shutters. The Virtual reality glasses and helmets have separate video screens for each eye and a technique for determining the direction the head is turned.

A general view on Microcomputer

2007-10-17T00:23:00.000-07:00

A microcomputer is the majority often taken to mean a computer with a microprocessor (µP) as its CPU. An additional general characteristic of these computers is that they take up physically small amounts of space. Desktop computers, tablet PCs, video game consoles, laptop computers, and many types of handheld devices may all be considered examples of microcomputers consistent with this technical definition.

The majority of the equipment used by a microcomputer is closely integrated within a single case, although some equipment may be joined at short distances outside the case, for example monitors, keyboards, mice, etc. Generally, a microcomputer will not get much larger than can be put onto most tables or desks. By compare, bigger computers like mainframes, minicomputers, and supercomputers may take up some portion of a big cabinet or even an entire room. Most microcomputers provide only a single user at a time, but some, in the form of PCs and workstations running e.g. a UNIX (-like) operating system, may cater to numerous users concurrently. The µP does most of the job of calculating on and manipulating information that all computers do.

Along with the CPU, a microcomputer will come outfitted with at least one type of data storage, a very high-speed, volatile device known as RAM. While some microcomputers (particularly early 8-bit home micros) can carry out simple tasks using RAM alone, some form of secondary storage space is normally desirable.

The God and his Conceptions

2007-10-10T00:16:00.000-07:00

Who is God? He's been described as the whole thing from an impersonal life-force to a personal, benevolent, almighty the Creator. He has been called by numerous names, counting: "Zeus," "Jupiter”," "Ashur," "Brahma," "Allah," "Ra," "Odin”, "Izanagi," "Viracocha," "Ahura Mazda," and "the Great Spirit" to name just a handful. He's seen by a few as "Mother Nature" and by others as "Father God."

Conceptions of God differ broadly. Theologians and philosophers have studied limitless conceptions of God since the daylight of civilization. The Abrahamic conceptions of God contain the Trinitarian view of Christians, the Kabbalistic definition of Jewish mysticism, and the Islamic concept of God. The dharmic religions change in their view of the divine, ranging from the roughly polytheistic view of God in Hinduism to the roughly non-theist view of God in Buddhism. In current times, some more abstract concepts have been developed, for instance process theology and open theism. Conceptions of God held by individual believers differ so broadly that there is no clear consensus on the nature of God.

Autumn in New York

2007-10-05T22:17:00.001-07:00

It is a touching love story that stars Richard Gere as Wil, and Wynona Ryder as Charlotte. Wil, a characteristic womanizer, is introduced to Charlotte, a unique young woman, by her grandmother, whom he had known for many years, and the two are right away attracted to each other. Unfortunately, Wil’s fear of understanding and Charlotte’s terminal illness will pose grave burdens on what seems to be a growing romance. Attractively done, the movie’s plot seems to be directly associated with the changing of the seasons. The issue of time is a theme that is chronic and highly symbolized throughout the film.
The movie begins in the fall, the time of harvest, and a time to gather what you spread. Perhaps this time of the year is delegate of people’s potential to harvest what’s within, perfect for the combination of lovers. But, even though the movie is happy to be a love story, there are problems from the beginning. When Wil look at women, he sees them as acquisition.

Jewellery and society

2007-09-24T04:47:00.000-07:00

Jewellery is factually any piece of fine material used to decorate oneself. Although in earlier times jewellery was created for more convenient uses, such as wealth storage and pinning clothes together, in recent times it has been used almost completely for beautification. The first pieces of jewellery were made from likely materials, such as bone and animal teeth, shell, wood and engraved stone. Jewellery was often made for people of high importance to show their status and, in many cases, they were covered with it.Jewellery is made out of almost every material recognized and has been made to garnish nearly every body part, from hairpins to toe rings and many more types of jewellery. While high-quality and artistic pieces are made with gemstones and valuable metals, less pricey costume jewellery is made from less-valuable materials and is mass-produced.Form and function Kenyan man exhausting tribal beads.Over time, jewellery has been used for a number of reasons: Currency, wealth display and storage, purposeful Symbolism Protection and Artistic display Most cultures have at some point had a practice of observance large amounts of wealth stored in the form of jewellery. Numerous cultures move wedding dowries in the form of jewelry, or create jewelry as a means to store or display coins. on the other hand, jewellery has been used as a currency or trade good; a mostly poignant example being the use of slave beads.

In creating jewellery, a variety of gemstones, coins, or other valuable items can be used, often set into precious metals. Common expensive metals used for modern jewellery include gold, platinum or silver, although alloys of nearly every metal known can be encountered in jewellery -- bronze, for example, was common in Roman times. Most gold jewellery is made of an alloy of gold, the purity of which is affirmed in karats, indicated by a number followed by the letter K. For example, ordinary gold jewellery ranges from 10K (41.7% pure gold) to 22K (91.6% pure gold), while 24K (99.9% pure gold) is considered too soft for jewellery use.
Platinum alloys variety from 900 (90% pure) to 950 (95.0% pure). The silver used in jewellery is usually sterling silver, or 92.5% fine silver.Other generally used materials include glass, such as merged glass or enamel; wood, often carved or turned; shells and other natural animal substances such as bone and ivory; natural clay, polymer clay, and even plastics.

Color

2007-09-10T03:49:00.000-07:00

It is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, white, etc. Color derives from the spectrum of light distribution of light energy versus wavelength interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Color categories and physical specifications of color are also associated with objects, materials, light sources, etc., based on their physical properties such as light absorption, reflection, or emission spectra.

Typically, only features of the composition of light that are detectable by humans wavelength spectrum from 400 nm to 700 nm, roughly are included, thereby objectively relating the psychological phenomenon of color to its physical specification. Since perception of color stems from the varying sensitivity of different types of cone cells in the retina to different parts of the spectrum, colors may be defined and quantified by the degree to which they stimulate these cells. These physical or physiological quantifications of color, however, do not fully explain the psychophysical perception of color appearance.

The science of color is sometimes called chromatics. It includes the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range that is, what we commonly refer to simply as light.

Accumulator

2007-09-02T20:20:00.000-07:00

In a computer CPU, an accumulator is an inventory in which intermediary arithmetic and logic results are stored. Without a register like an accumulator, it would be essential to write the result of each calculation to main memory, possibly only to be read right back again for use in the next operation. Access to main memory is slower than access to a register like the accumulator because the technology used for the huge main memory is slower than that used for a register.

Jerkin (garment)

2007-08-26T21:51:00.000-07:00

A jerkin is a man's short close-fitting jacket, arranged naturally of light-colored leather, and without sleeves, worn over the doublet in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Leather jerkins of the sixteenth century were regularly slashed and punched, both for decoration and to improve the fit.
Jerkins were worn congested at the neck and hanging open over the peasecod-bellied fashion of doublet.
During the Normandy disgusting, American troops had small reasons to feel under provisioned compared to the Brits and Canadians, but the lack of leather jerkins was one major deficit.
During the post war period, a much less individual PVC version was introduced to the armed forces. WD excess leather jerkins swamped the UK during the 1950s and 1960s and were a common sight on manual workmen across the country.

Fruit

2007-08-19T22:05:00.000-07:00

All citrus trees are of the single genus Citrus, and remain largely interbreed able; that is, there is only one "super species" which includes lemons, limes and oranges. Nevertheless, names have been given to the various members of the citrus family, oranges often being referred to as Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium. Fruits of all members of the genus Citrus are considered berries because they have many seeds, are fleshy and soft, and derive from a single ovary. An orange seed is called a pip.

Manipuri dance

2007-08-12T22:01:00.000-07:00

Manipuri dance is one of the main Indian classical dance forms. It originates from Manipur; a state in north-eastern India on the border with Myanmar (also known as Burma).It was originally perform in temples and continues to form an integral part of the religious and social fabric of Manipur. Manipuri dance, whether folk, classical or modern, is devotional in nature. The people of Manipur are very religious and are completely attached to the Hindu deities Radha and Krishna, who are often the main characters depicted in Manipuri dances. Ras Lila is one such Manipuri dance.

Railway Signaling

2007-08-02T23:23:00.000-07:00

Signaling consists of formative the location of railcars or trains on the direction and of operating electromechanical signals to notify the train operator of appropriate actions. Signaling is highly coordinated with scheduling to avoid collisions. Prior to the availability of modern radio communications, signaling, and messages passed to trains were the principle means of communication. Further signaling for safety is done by setting flares and by attaching explosive "torpedoes" to a rail.

Traffic Claming

2007-07-25T00:12:00.000-07:00

Traffic calming is a set of strategies used by urban planners and traffic engineers which aims to slow down traffic and get better safety for pedestrians and bicyclists, although some of these features can also be hazardous to cyclists. It is now comparatively common in Europe, especially Northern Europe; less so in North America. Traffic calming has conventionally been justified on the grounds of pedestrian safety and reduction of noise and local air pollution which are side effects of the traffic. However, it has become more and more apparent that streets have many social and recreational functions which are severely impaired by fast car traffic. For much of the twentieth century, streets were designed by engineers who were charged only with ensuring traffic flow and not with development other functions of streets. The rationale for traffic reassuring is now broadening to include designing for these functions.

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome

2007-07-15T22:03:00.000-07:00

Some users of mobile handsets have reported feeling several unspecific symptoms during and after its use, such as flaming and tingling feelings in the skin of the head and extremities, fatigue, sleep disturbances, dizziness, loss of mental attention, reaction times and memory retentiveness, headaches, malaise, tachycardia and disturbances of the digestive system. Some researchers, implying a causal relationship, have named this syndrome as a new diagnostic entity, EHS or ES. The World Health Organization prefers to name it “idiopathic environmental intolerance", in order to avoid the insinuation of causation.

2007-07-09T23:57:00.000-07:00

Management information system

Management Information Systems (MIS) is a general name for the educational discipline casing the application of people, technologies, and procedures —together called information systems — to solve business problems. MIS are distinctive from normal information systems in that they are used to evaluate other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization. Rationally, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods attached to the automation or support of human decision making, e.g. Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information system

CPU Socket

2007-07-02T21:22:00.001-07:00

The term CPU socket (or CPU slot) is commonly used to describe the connector linking the motherboard to the CPU in certain types of desktop and server computers, particularly those compatible with the Intel X86 Architecture.

Most CPU sockets and processors in use today are built around the pin grid array (PGA) architecture, in which the pins on the base of the processor are inserted into the socket. To aid installation, zero insertion force (ZIF) sockets are usually used, allowing the processor to be inserted without any confrontation, while gripping the pins firmly once the processor is in place to ensure a reliable contact. In contrast to CPU sockets, slot-based processors and CPUs use a single-edged connection rather than a socket, and slot into the motherboard on their side. Slot architectures are not often used today.

RISC (reduced instruction set computer)

2007-06-29T01:48:00.000-07:00

In the mid-1980s to early-1990s, a crop of new high-performance RISC microprocessors appeared, which were initially used in special purpose machines and UNIX workstations, but have since become almost universal in all roles except the Intel-standard desktop.

The first commercial design was released by MIPS Technologies, the 32-bit R2000. The R3000 made the design truly practical, and the R4000 introduced the world's first 64-bit design. Opposing projects would result in the IBM POWER and Sun SPARC systems, respectively. Soon every major vendor was releasing a RISC design, including the AT&T CRISP, AMD 29000, Intel i860 and Intel i960, Motorola 88000, DEC Alpha and the HP-PA.

Market forces have "weeded out" many of these designs, leaving the PowerPC as the main desktop RISC processor, with the SPARC being used in Sun designs only. MIPS continue to supply some SGI systems, but are first and foremost used as an embedded design, notably in Cisco routers. The rest of the original crop of designs have either disappeared, or are about to. Other companies have attacked niches in the market, notably ARM, originally intended for home computer use but since focused at the embedded processor market. Today RISC designs based on the MIPS, ARM or PowerPC core are the vast majority of computing devices.

Krill fishery

2007-06-24T23:26:00.001-07:00

Krill fishery is the commercial fishery of krill, small shrimp-like marine animals that live in the oceans world-wide. Estimates for how much krill there is vary wildly, depending on the methodology used. They range from 125–725 million tonnes of biomass globally. The total global harvest of krill from all fisheries amounts to 150 – 200,000 tonnes annually, mainly Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and North Pacific krill
Krill are rich in protein (40% or more of dry weight) and lipids (about 20% in E. superba). Their exoskeleton amounts to some 2% of dry weight of chitin. They also contain traces of a wide array of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, carbohydrases, nucleases and phospholipases, which are intense in the digestive gland in the cephalothorax of the krill.

Most krill is used as aquaculture feed and fish bait; other uses comprise livestock or pet foods. Only a small percentage is prepared for human consumption. Their enzymes are interesting for medical applications, an expanding sector since the early 1990s.

Topiary

2007-06-19T18:51:00.000-07:00

Topiary is the art of creating sculptures using clipped trees, shrubs and sub-shrubs. The word derives from the Latin word for an ornamental landscape gardener, topiarius, creator of topia or "places", a Greek word that Romans applied also to fictive indoor landscapes executed in fresco. No doubt the use of a Greek word betokens the art's origins in the Hellenistic world that was influenced by Persia, for neither Classical Greece nor Republican Rome developed any complicated tradition of artful pleasure grounds.
The plants used in topiary are evergreen, have small leaves or needles, produce dense foliage, and have compact and/or columnar growth habits. Common plants used in topiary comprise cultivars of box, arborvitae, bay laurel, holly, myrtle, yew, and privet. Shaped wire cages are sometimes working in modern topiary to guide untutored shears, but traditional topiary depends on patience and a steady hand; small-leaved ivy can be used to cover a cage and provide the look of topiary in a few months.

Abstract art

2007-06-12T21:48:00.000-07:00

Abstract art is now usually understood to mean art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses colour and form in a non-representational way.In the very early 20th century, the term was more often used to describe art, such as Cubist and Futurist art, that depicts real forms in a simplified or rather reduced way—keeping only an allusion of the original natural subject. Such paintings were often claimed to capture amazing of the depicted objects' immutable intrinsic qualities rather than its external appearance. The more precise terms, "non-figurative art," "non-objective art," and "non-representational art" avoid any possible ambiguity.

People

2007-06-07T22:10:00.000-07:00

People are a group of humans, either with not mentioned traits, or specific characteristics (e.g. the people of Spain or the people of the Plains).The term people is often used in English as the suppletive plural of person. However, the word persons is sometimes used in place of people, particularly when it would be ambiguous with its collective sense (e.g. missing persons instead of missing people). The term people can together refer to all humans or it can be used to identify the citizens of a nation, or members of a tribe, ethnic, or religious group. People of color is a phrase used to describe people with skin color darker than that of white people.

Bag

2007-06-03T21:33:00.001-07:00

A bag is the common term for any container that a character uses to hold other items. Bags can be placed in the storage slots at the right-most end of the interface bar. Bags inside bags must be empty. You can purchase extra bag slots for your bank account at gradually increasing rates, starting at 10 for the first slot.

Normal bags can hold any sort of item, unlike special bags that can only hold specific types of items. Special bags give the player more slots to store items, with the exchange of only being able to put certain types of items in them. Specials bags are generally cheaper than normal bags of the same size.

History of mascara

2007-05-28T23:58:00.000-07:00

The first mascara product was made-up by Eugene Rimmel in the 19th century. The word "rimmel" still means "mascara" in several languages, as well as French and Italian. This woman's eye has had mascara applied to the lashes. The word mascara derives from the Italian mascara, which means "mask”. Modern mascara was created in 1913 by a chemist named T. L. Williams for his sister, Mabel. This early mascara was made from coal dust mixed with Vaseline petroleum jelly. The product was a success with Mabel, and Williams began to sell his new product through the mail. His company MayBeline, a combination of his sister's name and Vaseline, eventually became a leading cosmetics company. Mascara was available only in cake form, and was composed of colorants and carnauba wax. Users wet a brush and rubbed it over the cake, then applied it to the eyes. The modern tube and wand applicator did not appear until 1957, when it was introduced by and founded by Helena.

The VESA Local Bus

2007-05-21T22:18:00.001-07:00

The VESA Local Bus was mostly used in personal computers. VESA Local Bus worked alongside the ISA bus; it acted as a high-speed conduit for memory-mapped I/O and DMA, while the ISA bus handled interrupts and port-mapped I/O.A VLB slot itself was an extension of an existing ISA slot. Indeed, both VLB and ISA cards could be plugged into a VLB slot. The extended portion was usually colored a distinctive brown. This made VLB cards quite long, reminiscent of the expansion cards from the old XT days. The addition resembled a PCI slot.

History of Motorola

2007-05-14T23:50:00.000-07:00

Motorola started as Galvin developed Corporation in 1928. The name Motorola was adopted in 1947, but the word had been used as a trademark since the 1930s. Founders Paul Galvin and Joe Galvin came up with the name Motorola when his company started manufacturing car radios. A number of early companies making phonographs, radios, and other audio tackle in the early 20th century used the suffix "-ola," the most famous being Victrola; RCA made a "radiola"; there was also a company that made jukeboxes called Rock-Ola, and a film editing device called a Moviola. The Motorola prefix "motor-" was chosen because the company's first focus was in automotive electronics.

Most of Motorola's crop has been radio-related, starting with a battery eliminator for radios, through the first walkie-talkie in the world, defense electronics, cellular infrastructure equipment, and mobile phone manufacturing. The company was also strong in semiconductor technology, including integrated circuits used in computers. Motorola has been the key supplier for the microprocessors used in Commodore Amiga, Apple Macintosh and Power Macintosh personal computers. The chip used in the latter computers, the PowerPC family, was developed with IBM and in a partnership with Apple. Motorola also has a diverse line of communication products, including satellite systems, digital cable boxes and modems.

Paint

2007-05-09T23:11:00.000-07:00

Paint is any liquid, liquifiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is transformed to an opaque solid film.Paint is used to protect, decorate (such as adding color), or add functionality to an object or outside by covering it with a pigmented coating. An example of protection is to retard corrosion of metal. An example of decoration is to add festive trim to a room interior. An example of added functionality is to alter light reflection or heat radiation of a surface.As a verb, painting is the application of paint. Someone who paints creatively is usually called a painter, while someone who paints commercially is often referred to as a painter and decorator, or house painter.Paint can be applied to almost any kind of object. It is used, among many other uses, in the production of art, in industrial coating, as a driving aid, or as a barrier to prevent corrosion or water damage. Paint is a semifinished product, as the final product is the painted article itself.

Business

2007-05-03T00:54:00.001-07:00

In economic business is the social science of managing people to systematize and maintain collective productivity toward accomplishing particular imaginative and productive goals, usually to make profit.The etymology of "business" refers to the state of being busy, in the circumstance of the individual as well as the community or society. In other words, to be busy is to be doing commercially viable and profitable work.

The term "business" has at least three usages, depending on the scope — the general usage (above), the particular usage to refer to a particular company or corporation, and the comprehensive usage to refer to a particular market sector, such as "the record business," "the computer business," or "the business community" -- the community of suppliers of goods and services.

The singular "business" can be a legally-recognized entity within an economically free society, wherein individuals systematize based on expertise and skill bring about social and technological expansion.

However, the exact definition of business is disputable as is business philosophy; for example, most Marxist use "means of production" as a rough synonym for "business." Socialist advocate either government, public, or worker ownership of most sizable businesses.

Wi-fi

2007-05-02T23:11:00.000-07:00

Wi-Fi is a manufactured goods initially licensed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to illustrate the embedded technology of wireless local area networks based on the IEEE 802.11 specifications. Wi-Fi was developed to be used for mobile computing devices, such as laptops in LANs, but is now increasingly used for more services, together with Internet and VoIP phone access, gaming, and basic connectivity of consumer electronics such as televisions, DVD players, and digital cameras. More standards are in advance that will allow Wi-Fi to be used by cars on highways in support of an intellectual Transportation System to increase safety, gather statistics, and enable mobile commerce.

A person with a Wi-Fi enabled mechanism such as a pc, cell phone or PDA can connect to the Internet when in proximity of an access point. The region enclosed by one or several access points is called a hotspot. Hotspots can range from a single room to many square miles of overlapping hotspots. Wi-Fi can also be used to create a mesh network. Both architectures are used in community networks.

Wi-Fi also allows connectivity in peer-to-peer approach, which enables devices to connect directly with each other. This connectivity mode is useful in consumer electronics and gaming applications.

Trailers

2007-04-29T20:19:00.000-07:00

A Trailer is normally an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle, because powered trailers are more explicitly called potrailers. Commonly, the term trailer refers to such vehicles used for transport of goods and materials.

Trailer winches are intended to load (or unload) boats and other cargo to and from a trailer. The are invented a ratchet mechanism and cable. The handle on the ratchet mechanism is twisted to tighten or loosen the tension on the winch cable. There are both manual and motorized trailer winches

Popup campers are trivial, aerodynamic trailers that can be towed by a small car, such as the BMW Air Camper and the Coleman Bayside. They are built to be shorter than the tow vehicle, minimizing drag.

Others range from two-axle campers that can be pulled by most mid-sized pickups to trailers that are as long as the host country's law allows for drivers without individual permits. Larger campers tend to be fully integrated leisure vehicles, which often are used to tow single-axle dolly trailers to allow the driver to bring small cars on their travels.

British Half Penny coin

2007-04-23T22:27:00.000-07:00

100 The British decimal Half Penny or Ha'penny coin was issued on 15 February 1971, the day the British currency was decimalized. In put into practice it had been available from banks in bags for some weeks previously.

The main idea behind the coin's configuration was to enable certain pre-decimal coins—most notably the sixpence—to remain in circulation during the transition to decimal coinage; in the same vein a decimal quarter-penny coin was also proposed, but ended up never being formed.

The coin was minted in figurine. The coin weighed 1.78 grams and had a diameter of 17.14 millimeters. It was the smallest coin used in the decimal currency coinage by both size and value, and was nicknamed the "tidier" on account of its size. By the early 1980s its value was minimal and its main utility was as a useful driver of small screws. The 1984 half penny was only issued in mint and proof sets by the Royal Mint, and the coin was demonetized and withdrawn from circulation in December 1984.

The reverse of the coin, designed by Christopher Ironside, was simply a crown, with the fraction "½" below the crown, and either NEW PENNY or HALF PENNY above the crown.

Transistor radio

2007-04-19T00:23:00.000-07:00

The transistor radio is a small radio receiver.RCA demonstrated a prototype transistor radio in 1952. The first commercial transistor radio, the Regency TR-1, was announced on October 18, 1954 by the Regency Division of Industrial Development Engineering Associates of Indianapolis, Indiana and put on sale in November of 1954. It cost $49.95 (the equivalent of $361 in year-2005 dollars) and sold approximately 100,000 units.The use of transistors in its place of vacuum tubes as the amplifier elements meant that the device was much smaller and necessary far less power to operate than a tubed radio. The characteristic portable radio of the fifties was about the size and weight of a small laptop computer, and contained several heavy batteries: one or more A batteries to heat the tube filaments and a large 45 to 90 volt B battery for plate voltage. By comparison, the "transistor" was about the size and weight of today's cassette-playing Walkman and operated off a single compact 9 V battery. The now-familiar 9 V battery was introduced particularly for powering transistor radios.

Door

2007-04-10T00:06:00.000-07:00

A door is a makeup in a wall that allows easy transformation between an opening and a closed wall. It is establish in many houses and other buildings: internal ones, doors giving access to the street/external world, and doors to private outdoor areas such as a garden or balcony. In an apartment building, an midway kind is the outer door of an apartment, inside the building.
History
The first records are those represented in the paintings of the Egyptian tombs, in which they are shown as single or double doors, each in a single piece of wood. In Egypt, where the climate is intensely dry, there would be no fear of their warping, but in other countries it would be necessary to frame them, which according to Vitruvius was done with stiles and rails: the spaces enclosed being filled with panels let into grooves made in the stiles and rails. The stiles were the vertical boards, one of which, tenoned or hinged, is known as the hanging stile, the other as the middle or meeting stile. The horizontal cross pieces are the top rail, bottom rail, and middle or intermediate rails. The most ancient doors were in timber, those made for King Solomon's temple being in olive wood, which were fixed and overlaid with gold. The doors dwelt upon in Homer would appear to have been cased in silver or brass. Besides Olive wood, elm, cedar, oak and cypress were used.

All ancient doors were hung by pivots at the top and bottom of the hanging stile which worked in sockets in the lintel and cill, the final being always in some hard stone such as basalt or granite. Those found at Nippur by Dr. Hilprecht, dating from 2000 B.C. were in dolorite. The tenons of the gates at Balawat were covered with bronze. These doors or gates were hung in two leaves, each about 8 ft.4 in. wide and 27 ft. high; they were enclosed with bronze bands or strips, 10 in. high, covered with repouss embellishment of figures, etc. The wood doors would seem to have been about 3 in. thick, but the hanging stile was over 14 inches diameter. Other sheathings of various sizes in bust have been found, which proves this to have been the universal method adopted to protect the wood pivots. In the Hauran in Syria, where timber is scarce the doors were made in stone, and one measuring 5 ft. 4 in. by 2 ft. 7 in. is in the British Museum; the band on the meeting stile shows that it was one of the leaves of a double door. At Kuffeir near Bostra in Syria, Burckhardt found stone doors, 9 to 10 ft. high, being the entrance doors of the town. In Etruria many stone doors are referred to by Dennis.

Postage Stamp

2007-04-09T23:54:00.000-07:00

Peafowl

2007-04-06T22:15:00.000-07:00

The peafowl are the three type of bird in the genera Pavo and Afropavo of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. They are mainly notable for the male's profligate tail, a result of sexual selection, which it displays as part of courtship. The male is called a peacock, the female a peahen. In common English usage, however, "peacock" is used to mean any peafowl.

Overview
The typical Asiatic peafowl belonging to the genus Pavo contain the familiar Indian Peafowl, Pavo cristatus and the weakly known Dragonbirds or Green Peafowl Pavo muticus. Some biologists consider that there are at least five idiosyncratic and gravely scarce species of Green Peafowl while others classify them into a single species with three subspecies.

The Arakan Dragonbird Pavo spicifer was once inhabitant to Northern Western Myanmar, Southern Tibet and Assam. The Indo-Chinese or Siamese Dragonbird Pavo imperator was once inhabitant to South East Myanmar and Thailand. The Annametic Dragonbird Pavo annamensis occupied the broadlieaf evergreen forests of Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and Southern Yunnan China.
The Javanese Green Peafowl, Pavo javanensis is inhabitant only to the island of Java. The destroyed Malay or Pahang Peafowl Pavo muticus was thought by early naturalists to least the Pliocene rules out an opening by humans. Northern Yunnan is the home of one of the most interesting forms of Green Peafowl. The Yunnan Dragonbird, Pavo yunnanensis is most individual.

Airline

2007-04-02T00:29:00.001-07:00

An airline is an association that specializes in provided that designed air transport services to passengers and/or for cargo; although some airlines do offer chartered flight services as well. Airlines lease or own their aircraft with which to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for reasons of mutual benefit.

Industry overview

An airline is an association that specializes in provided that designed air transport services to passengers and/or for cargo; although some airlines do offer chartered flight services as well. Airlines lease or own their aircraft with which to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for reasons of mutual benefit.

The headquarters of Air India is Mumbai.The universal replica of rights has gone from government owned or supported to self-determining, for-profit public companies. This occurs as regulators permit greater freedom, in steps that are usually decades not together. This pattern has not been complete for all airlines in all regions.
The command for air travel services is imitative demand. That is, it depends on other things: business needs for cargo shipments, business passenger demand, and leisure passenger demand, all prejudiced by macroeconomic activity in the markets under learn. These patterns are dreadfully serial, and often day-of-week, time-of-day, and even directionally variable.
The business is returning. Four or five years of poor production are followed by five or six years of slowly improving good performance. But efficiency in the good years is normally low, in the range of 2-3% net profit after interest and tax. It is in this time that airlines begin paying for new generations of airplanes and other service upgrades they planned to respond to the increased demand. Since 1980, the industry as a whole has not even earned back the cost of capital during the best of times. Equally, in bad times losses can be radically inferior.

Camera

2007-03-28T22:21:00.001-07:00

A camera is a device used to take movies (commonly photographs), either individually or in series, with or without sound, such as with video cameras. The name is derived from camera obscura, Latin for "dark chamber", an early device for projecting images in which an whole room functioned much as the internal workings of a modern photographic camera, except there was no way at this time to record the image short of manually tracing it. Cameras may work with the visual continuum or other portions of the electromagnetic continuum.
Every camera consists of a few kind of enclosed board room, with an opening or aperture at one end for light to enter, and a recording or viewing surface for capturing the light at the other end. This breadth of the aperture is often controlled by an diaphragm mechanism, but some cameras have a fixed-size aperture.
While the dimension of the aperture and the brightness of the scene control the amount of light that enters the camera during photographing, the secure controls the duration of time that the light hits the recording surface. For example, in minor light situations, the shutter rate should be slower (longer time spent open) to allow the film to capture what little light is present.
There are various ways of focusing a camera perfectly. The simplest cameras have fixed focus and use a small aperture and wide-angle lens to ensure that everything within a certain series of distance from the lens (usually around 3 meters (10 feet) to infinity) is in reasonable focus.

Satellite television

2007-03-23T23:37:00.001-07:00

Satellite television is television delivered by means of communications satellites in geostationary orbit 37,000 km (22,300 miles) above the earth’s equator. The first satellite television signal was relayed from Europe to the Telstar satellite over North America in 1962. The first domestic North American satellite to carry television was Canada’s Anik 1, which was launched in 1973.
Satellite television, like extra communications relayed by satellite, starts with a transmitting antenna located at an uplink facility. Uplink satellite dishes are directed toward the satellite that their signals will be transmitted to, and are very large, as much as 9 to 12 meters (30 to 40 feet) in diameter. The increased diameter results in more correct aiming and increased signal strength at the satellite. The signal is received by transponders aboard the satellite, which retransmit the signal back to Earth at a dissimilar frequency. The leg of the signal path from the satellite to the receiving Earth station is called the downlink.
The satellite signal, quite weak after travelling a great distance (see inverse-square law), is together by a parabolic receiving dish, which reflects the weak signal to the dish’s focal point and is received, down-converted to a lower frequency band and amplified by a device called a low-noise block converter (LNB). Direct broadcast satellite dishes use an LNBF, which integrates the feedhorn with the LNB. A new form of omnidirectional satellite antenna, which does not use a directed parabolic dish and can be used on a mobile platform such as a vehicle, was lately announced by the University of Waterloo. The signal, now amplified, travels to a satellite receiver box through coaxial cable (RG-6 or RG-10; cannot be standard RG-59) and is converted by a local oscillator to the L-band range of frequencies (approximately). Special on-board electronics in the receiver box help tune the signal and after that convert it to a frequency that a standard television can use.

Studio cameras

2007-03-19T21:52:00.001-07:00

Most studio cameras stand on the floor, regularly with pneumatic or hydraulic mechanisms to adjust the height, and are typically on wheels. Any video camera when used along with other video cameras in a studio setup is controlled by a device well-known as CCU (camera control unit), to which they are linked via a Triax or Multicore cable. The camera control unit along with other equipments is installed in the production control room often documented as Gallery of the television studio. When used outside a studio, they are often on tracks. Initial models used analog technology, but digital models are becoming more common. Some studio cameras are light and small enough to be taken off the pedestal and used on a cameraman's shoulder, but they still have no recorder of their own and are cable-bound.

Haze

2007-03-13T21:44:00.000-07:00

Haze is an atmospheric occurrence where dust, smoke and other pollutant particles obscure the usual clarity of the sky. It occurs when dust and smoke particles build up in relatively dry air. When weather conditions block the dispersal of smoke and other pollutants they concentrate and form a generally low-hanging shroud that impairs visibility and may become a respiratory health threat. Dense haze caused by industrial pollution is also known as smog.
Sources for haze particles include farming (ploughing in dry weather), traffic, industry, forest fires and peat field fire.
Seen from afar (e.g. approaching airplane), haze is brownish, while mist is more blueish-grey. While haze is formed in somewhat dryish air, in more humid air mist is formed, and the haze particles can even act as condensation nuclei for the mist droplets.

Prism

2007-03-08T21:22:00.000-08:00

In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element by means of flat, polished surfaces that refract light. The exact angles between the surfaces depend on the application. The traditional geometrical shape is that of a triangular prism with a triangular base and rectangular sides, and in colloquial use "prism" typically refers to this type. Some types of optical prisms are not in fact in the shape of geometric prisms. Prisms are characteristically made out of glass, but can be made from any material that is transparent to the wavelengths for which they are designed.A prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow). They can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.

The Great Wall of China

2007-03-04T20:50:00.001-08:00

The Great Wall of China is a sequence of stone and earthen fortifications in China, built between 5th century BC and the 17th century to guard the northern borders of the Chinese Empire for the period of the rule of successive dynasties. Several walls, referred to as the Great Wall of China, were built since the 5th century BC, the most well-known being the one built between 220 BC and 200 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang; this wall was situated much further north than the current wall built during the Ming Dynasty, and little of it remains.
The Great Wall is one of the existing megastructure and the world's longest man-made structure, stretching over 6,352 km (3,948 miles) from Shanhai Pass in the east to Lop Nur in the west, along an arc that about delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.

Constituents of sand

2007-02-27T22:35:00.000-08:00

The most common constituent of sand, in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings, is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), typically in the form of quartz, which, because of its chemical inertness and considerable hardness, is resistant to weathering. The composition of sand varies according to local rock sources and conditions. The bright white sands originate in tropical and subtropical coastal settings are ground-up limestone. Arkose is a sand or sandstone with significant feldspar content which is derived from the weathering and erosion of a (usually nearby) granite. Some locations have sands that contain magnetite, chlorite, glauconite or gypsum. Sands rich in magnetite are dark to black in color, as are sands derivative from volcanic basalts. The chlorite-glauconite bearing sands are usually green in color, as are sands derived from basalts (lavas) with a high olivine content. The gypsum sand dunes of the White Sands National Monument in New Mexico are famous for their bright, white color. Sand deposits in some areas have garnets and other resistant minerals, with some small gemstones.

The Institution of Engineers

2007-02-22T21:04:00.000-08:00

The Institution of Engineers (IEI) was established by Sir Thomas Holland and others in Madras in 1920. In 1935, it obtained the Royal Charter from King George V to promote and move ahead the art, science and practice of engineering and technology in India.
The first President of the Institution was Sir Thomas R J Ward. Sir Thomas Guthrie Russell played a key role in the winning petition for a Royal Charter. The current President is Prof S C Naik.
The organization has been prominent amongst the founder members of the Commonwealth Engineers' Council and the Federation of Engineering Institutions of South and Central Asia. The Institution has a conditional membership of the Engineers Mobility Forum since 2003.
Today, the Institution is head-quartered in Kolkata, with 94 state and local centres. With half a million members, it is one of the biggest professional bodies in the English-speaking world. Life corporate members of the Institution are accredited with the Chartered Engineer title.

Sun-Life cycle

2007-02-18T20:49:00.000-08:00

The Sun's current age, determined via computer models of stellar evolution and nucleocosmochronology, is thought to be about 4.57 billion years.
The Sun is about halfway through its main-sequence growth, during which nuclear fusion reactions in its core fuse hydrogen into helium. Each second, more than 4 million tonnes of matter are changed into energy within the Sun's core, producing neutrinos and solar radiation. The Sun will waste a total of approximately 10 billion years as a main sequence star.
The Sun does not have sufficient mass to explode as a supernova. Instead, in 4-5 billion years, it will enter a red giant phase, its outer layers growing as the hydrogen fuel in the core is consumed and the core contracts and heats up. Helium fusion will start on when the core temperature reaches around 100 MK, and will make carbon and oxygen. While it is likely that the expansion of the outer layers of the Sun will reach the current position of Earth's orbit, latest research suggests that mass lost from the Sun previous in its red giant phase will cause the Earth's orbit to move more out, preventing it from being engulfed. However, Earth's water will be boiled away and most of its atmosphere will run off into space.
Following the red giant phase, strong thermal pulsations will cause the Sun to throw off its outer layers, forming a planetary nebula. The only object that will stay after the outer layers are ejected is the really hot stellar core, which will gradually cool and fade as a white dwarf over many billions of years. This stellar evolution scenario is typical of low- to medium-mass stars.

Diamond

2007-02-11T21:58:00.001-08:00

Diamonds do not show all of their attractiveness as rough stones; instead, they must be cut and polished to exhibit the characteristic fire and intensity that diamond gemstones are known for. Diamonds are cut into a variety of shapes that are commonly designed to accentuate these features.Diamonds which are not cut to the specifications of round brilliant shape (or subsequent variations) are known as "fancy cuts." Popular fancy cuts include the baguette (from the French, meaning rod or loaf of bread), marquise, princess (square outline), heart, briolette (a form of the rose cut), and pear cuts. Newer cuts that have been introduced into the jewelry industry are the "cushion" "radiant"(similar to princess cuts, but with rounded edges instead of square edges) and "Asscher" cuts. Many fancy colored diamonds are now being cut according to these new styles. Generally speaking, these "fancy cuts" are not held to the same strict standards as Tolkowsky-derived round brilliants and there are less specific mathematical guidelines of angles which determine a well-cut stone. Cuts are influenced heavily by fashion: the baguette cut—which accentuates a diamond's luster and downplays its fire—was all the rage during the Art Deco period, whereas the princess cut—which accentuates a diamond's fire rather than its luster—is currently gaining popularity. The princess cut is also popular amongst diamond cutters: of all the cuts, it wastes the least of the original crystal. The past decades have seen the development of new diamond cuts, often based on a modification of an existing cut. Some of these include extra facets. These newly developed cuts are viewed by many as more of an attempt at brand differentiation by diamond sellers, than actual improvements to the state of the art

Early Stages of a pregnant woman and her health

2007-02-05T20:53:00.000-08:00

Pregnancy is not an easy job for a woman. Starting from conception to birth, a woman's body carries out the most miraculous process of fertilization, implantation and the maturity and growth of her baby (or babies). Her body is her baby's dwelling place for the next nine months (or around 40 weeks) and the occurrences of pregnancy turn into a journey of many new physical feelings. Whether it is first, second, third (or more) pregnancy, her body will respond in a different way to each individual pregnancy. So health of a pregnant woman is very important to be taken care of.
Throughout the first 12 weeks of pregnancy called the '1st trimester’, a woman's body adjust to present a fostering and protective environment for her baby to grow and develop. Seldom, the early signs of pregnancy can make a woman feel puzzled. This may be for the reason that many of the physical signs of in the early hours of pregnancy such as enlarged tender breasts, sensitivity of tiredness, overstuffed and perhaps experiencing spasms and/or pelvic uneasiness can be considered as normal pre-menstrual signs. In all these stages the health of the woman declines because she is not only feeding herself, also her little developing fetus.
They may also sense disgusted or sick, due to morning sickness. It is not unusual to feel unsure about what is 'normal' during the early stages of pregnancy development, and unfamiliar signs or sensations may trigger concerns about the health, of her and baby. It’s been proved by the Gynecologists that every woman's body will react in a different way to being pregnant. Many women find their early pregnancy symptoms very difficult to cope with, both at work and generally.
Due to continuous vomiting and nourishing the fetus the pregnant woman may be exhausted very easily. She has to constantly keep her energetic by maintaining a healthy diet schedule as prescribed by the physicians. She can have more fresh green vegetables and fruit juices to make her feel fresh and energetic. It’s always significant to make sure that she avoids drinking and smoking because whatever she has will be directly absorbed by the baby. Once the fetus starts developing she has to get primed for all the obstacles she has to experience throughout pregnancy. Many psychologists predict that a healthy pregnancy is not only from taking care of the nutrition for the pregnant women, more than that she has to be taken care from all the hassles in her family. It’s the duty of a loving husband to caress her comfortably and keep her happy always throughout the gestation period. This will not only make the woman feel happy and hopeful it will directly lead to the good development of the fetus.

Journalism Basics

2007-01-26T22:42:00.001-08:00

Journalism is a concrete, professionally oriented major that involves gathering, interpreting, distilling, and other reporting information to the general audiences through a variety of media means. Journalism majors learn about every possible kind of Journalism (including magazine, newspaper, online journalism, photojournalism, broadcast journalism, and public relations).
That's not all, though. In addition to dedicated training in writing, editing, and reporting, Journalism wants a working knowledge of history, culture, and current events. You'll more than likely be required to take up a broad range of courses that runs the range from statistics to the hard sciences to economics to history. There would also be a lot of haughty talk about professional ethics and civic responsibility too - and you'll be tested on it. To top it all off, you'll perhaps work on the university newspaper or radio station, or possibly complete an internship with a magazine or a mass media conglomerate.

Plants

2006-12-27T02:00:00.000-08:00

The genus Nelumbo, with two members Indian, Red or Sacred Lotus, a sacred plant of Hinduism and Buddhism and of the Ancient Egyptian civilization, also used in Asian cuisine American Lotus The genus Lotus, in the subfamily Faboideae in the family Fabaceae, common name "Trefoil" The genus Nymphaea, usually called water-lilies, but including many members also referred to as lotus, for example the White European Lotus, White Egyptian Lotus, and Blue Egyptian Lotus.The lotus eaten by the Lotophagi of the Odyssey is thought to have been Ziziphus lotus, a species of jujube. This could be the Lotus Tree that the mythical Lois was transformed into "Lotus" also occurs in the common, or cultivar, names of numerous unrelated plants, for example the Snow Lotus in the family Asteraceae.

Color

2006-12-18T01:29:00.000-08:00

Orgin of Dance

2006-12-07T03:30:00.000-08:00

Unlike some early human activities such as the production of stone tools, hunting, cave painting, etc., dance does not leave behind physical artifacts. Thus, it is impossible to say with any certainty when dance became part of human culture. However, dance has certainly been an important part of ceremony, rituals, celebrations and entertainment since the birth of the earliest human civilizations. Archaeology delivers traces of dance from prehistoric times such as Egyptian tomb paintings depicting dancing figures from circa 3300 BC and the Bhimbetka rock-shelter paintings in India.
One of the earliest structured uses of dance may have been in the performative retelling of mythological stories. Indeed, before the introduction of written languages, dance was one of the primary methods of passing these stories down from generation to generation.

Immigration and multiculturalism

2006-11-28T22:00:00.000-08:00

Since the time of olden Rome, the city has always been a site for colonization. This once extensive to all reaches of the Roman Empire, but was more cramped to the rest of Italy in later centuries, as Rome's political power waned. Still, many of its citizens' families invent from outside the city, and the Romanesque phrase Romano de Roma has been coined to indicate someone who descends from a family that has lived in Rome for at least seven generations, the mark of a "true" Roman.

Over the next half of 20th century, Rome has seen rising immigration from other countries. There currently is an important immigrant population, including a great number of clandestine. The 2005 ISTAT estimations state that 145,000 immigrants live in the commune, or 5.69% of the total commune inhabitants. The foreign population in the metropolitan area of Rome consists in 206,000 persons, or 5.37% of the total urban area population. The foreign population in the metropolitan area of Rome is about 248,000 persons or 4.67% of the whole metropolitan area population. By far the largest number of immigrants is Eastern European, with the largest figures of foreigners coming from Romania, The Philippines, Poland, Albania, Peru, Bangladesh, and Ukraine.

Probably as a result of its multiethnic past, the city has reacted with less complexity to the current waves of immigration into Italy. In meticulous, Mayor Walter Vectoring has made multiculturalism one of the key points of supporting program; inhabitants of Rome who are not citizens of an EU country are now permitted to elect their own legislature in the city council, even if they do not embrace formal legal residence in Rome.

Exercise

2006-11-24T22:43:00.000-08:00

Physical exercise is the presentation of some activity in order to develop or maintain physical strength and overall health. It is often directed toward also honing healthy ability or talent. Frequent and normal physical exercise is an important component in the avoidance of some of the diseases of affluence such as cancer, heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and fatness.

Exercises are normally grouped into three types depending on the general effect they have on the human body:

Flexibility exercises such as stretching recover the range of motion of muscles and joints.
Aerobic exercises such as walking and running spotlight on growing cardiovascular endurance.
Anaerobic exercises such as weight guidance or sprinting increase short-term muscle power.

Physical exercise is measured important for maintaining physical fitness counting healthy weight; structure and maintaining healthy bones, muscles, and joints; promoting physiological welfare; reducing surgical risks; and strengthening the immune system.

Clothing as social message

2006-11-21T21:23:00.000-08:00

Social messages sent by clothing, garnishes, and decorations can involve social status, profession, ethnic and spiritual affiliation, marital status and sexual availability, etc. Humans must know the code in order to be familiar with the message transmitted. If different groups read the same item of clothing or decoration with different meanings, the wearer may aggravate unanticipated and/or unwanted responses.
The manner of intentionally constructing, assembling, and wearing clothing to convey a social message in any culture is governed by current fashion. The rate at which manner changes varies; easily modified styles in wearing or accessorizing clothes can alter in months, even days, in small groups or in media-influenced modern societies. More extensive changes, that may require more time, money, or effort to effect, may cover generations. When fashion changes, messages from clothing change.

Volcano

2006-11-16T01:58:00.000-08:00

A volcano is a rupture in the Earth's surface or crust, allowing hot, usually molten rock, ash, and gases originating profound below the surface to periodically escape. Volcanic activity connecting the extrusion of rock tends to shape mountains or mountain-like features over time.

Volcanoes are usually originated where two to three tectonic plates deviate or congregate. The mid-oceanic ridges, like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, are typical examples of different tectonic plates where volcanoes are formed, whereas the Pacific sphere of Fire is a typical example of volcanic activity on convergent tectonic plates. Where two tectonic plates slide past one another volcanic activity is generally not found. In zones of prolonged crustal expansion and thinning within crustal plates, non-hotspot intraplate volcanism can be caused by decompression of the upper layer without either of the above processes acting.

History of computing

2006-11-12T21:03:00.000-08:00

The query of which was the earliest computer is a difficult one. The very description of what a computer is has changed over the years and it is therefore unfeasible to definitively answer the question. Many devices once called "computers" would no longer qualify as such by today's standards.
Originally, the term "computer" referred to a person who performed arithmetical calculations often with the aid of an automatic calculating device. Examples of early mechanical computing devices included the abacus, the slide rule and arguably the astrolabe and the Antikythera device. The end of the middle Ages saw a reinvigoration of European mathematics and engineering, and Wilhelm Sticker’s 1623 device was the first of a number of powered calculators constructed by European engineers. In 1837, Charles Babbage was the first to conceptualize and plan a fully programmable mechanical computer that he called "The Analytical Engine". Due to limits of finances, and an inability to resist tinkering with the design, Babbage never really built his Analytical Engine.

Building construction

2006-11-09T01:15:00.000-08:00

Building construction for several apartment blocks. The blue material is insulation cladding and will be enclosed with bricks. Building construction is the procedure of adding structure to real property. The vast majority of building construction projects are small renovations, such as addition of a room, or renovation of a bathroom. Often, the owner of the property acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project. However, all building construction projects include some elements in common - design, financial, and lawful considerations. Many projects of unreliable sizes reach undesirable end results, such as structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigations reason, those with experience in the field make detailed plans and maintain careful mistake during the project to ensure a positive outcome.
For projects of large size and/or unusual type, the owner will likely set up a team of workers and advisors to create an overall plan. This ensures that the project will proceed in an orderly way to an attractive end. While no set list would establish what is needed or advisable for a particular project, regularly used advisors include mortgage bankers, accountants, lawyers, insurance brokers, architects, and engineers. While their roles overlap, each area of expertise addresses an element of what will be affected by the building construction project.

Oxbridge

2006-11-05T21:15:00.000-08:00

Oxbridge is a name used to refer to the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the two oldest in the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world. The name is a portmanteau of the two universities' names.
In the Times Higher Education Supplement's university league table Cambridge and Oxford are ranked respectively as the second and third best universities in the world. In a survey name up to 30 universities which they considered the best research institutions in their field, Cambridge came first, and Oxford second, leaving Harvard - which tops the overall table - in third place.
Oxford and Cambridge were founded more than seven centuries ago, the name is relatively young. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, this is the first recorded instance of the word, but it did not enter common usage until the middle of the 20th century. The book also introduces the term Camford as another portmanteau of the university names; although this term has never achieved the same degree of usage as Oxbridge.
Other portmanteaux are occasionally derived from the term "Oxbridge" which is used as the name of an annual sports tournament, which is used as the name of a history group collaboration. However, such terms are only used for specific groups, and none has achieved widespread use.
There is a tradition of members of Oxford and Cambridge referring to each other's university as Social critics in the United Kingdom also sometimes use as shorthand for the dominate government, education, and other institutions.

Globalization and Privatization

2006-11-03T03:39:00.000-08:00

One of the most hazardous aspects of unprofessional and unhindered globalization is the privatization of key publicly held companies to MNCs at prices lesser than what it would receive to set up a new business in that field. On a selective basis, globalization indeed brings in new technology and conflict to globalization is not tantamount to becoming scientifically secluded from the rest of the world.

In other words, if we let the Cokes and Pepsis of the world to come in, the INTELs, the AMDs, and the CISCOs will follow. By privatizing oil and gas companies and other vital infrastructure related companies - India's vital interests will be even more controlled by foreign happiness that could disrupt on the facility of India to take the best decisions vis-à-vis protecting its monarch rights and interests.

Animal Rights

2006-10-18T03:13:00.000-07:00

It is possible to perform an immoral act against non-human animals. In order to perform an immoral act against a non-human animal, one must define the word "morality". According to the definition it means conformity to the rules of right conduct, on the other hand immorality means wickedness or evil. So in absorption a wicked or an evil act against an animal is an immoral act also. I believe that it may be possible to perform an immoral act against an animal because they are creatures just like us. They also feel pain and emotions just like us humans. When someone breaches our rights, we get hurt which often results in some kind of action. But the animals were helpless, it can't take any action because they are less intelligent then humans. However the humans are the supreme and superior beings on this planet and that we are on the highest evolutionary scale, but still that does not give us the right to perform wrong acts to the animals. Some of the worst or immoral acts that I strongly oppose to are animal experimentation, entertainment involving animals, hunting and finally habitat destruction.
When religious leaders were decided finally lifted these prohibitions, it was too late, vivisection was already entrenched in medical and educational institutions. Now imagine ourselves in animals’ shoes, whose homes are destroyed everyday by the minute. As an evil in nature as animal experimentation sounds, so is the entertainment business involving animals.

Destiny

2006-10-12T23:35:00.000-07:00

What is destiny? For many people it is how they live their lives. We may believe that everyone’s life has its own destiny or course. By other words our destiny is out fate. It may be either a good thing or a bad thing and to most people it has already been decided by a Supreme Being or God. But for us that is just the pessimistic view on destiny. Others may believe that one can decide his or her own destiny. A person has to know how to control it and become a master of it. Personally you believe that one can control his or her own destiny. This means if you strive to do that yourself. That is If you just live your life expecting that everything will fall in your lap you are wrong.
Nothing in life is pre-destined for anybody as in the people you meet, the jobs you get or the person you marry. And also If that were to be true then everyone would be happy, that is if your destiny is for you to be happy. We may think that the notion of destiny is just an excuse that people use for the misfortunes or fortunes that they encounter. During the entire course of ones life you can began to make your own destiny.
We have to accept that Bill Gates was not destined to be the richest man in the world. The course which you select for your career and who you are in life is all on the person not a predetermined situates. The Evolution precedes under a law as unerring as any well-established scientific law, namely, that of karma or the law of cause and effect. Therefore these things are all up to us, we decide our own destiny or life would just be robotic with no real meaning to it. If the destiny played a part in their lives I would say that they were destined to live happily and rich because of their father, but instead their father to the initiative to make them work like he did and if they want to be rich like he is then they would have to work as hard as he did. No body in their life wants their parents to divorce but that is basically up to them whether they can get along or if nations can agree to peace over religion and differences. Destiny also may not affect the course of my family or my nation. The incidents like war and divorce are just misfortunes that happen when people do not get along. If that thing were true than life would be too easy and a person should just sit around and let destiny take its course.
Destiny may not control a part of your life. Whether that person applies himself and goes to school and then to college and eventually gets a career on his own is his prerogative. This may makes perfection possible, for knowledge is power, and when a person knows the law and works with it, he can produce any result he chooses; he becomes master of his destiny. He only gave them a miniscule portion. So don’t think that destiny has anything to do with the person that you fall in love with.

Shahjahan

2006-08-25T22:40:00.000-07:00

Shahjahan:

After the ruling power of his father, his son being the prince revolted against his father Jahangir and made him come to Bengal. During this duration the only person who helped him was Mirza Nathan, he was the one who joined with him and helped him out during the war section with all his operations. But when the prince left Bengal and fluid away to Deccan, Mirza Nathan went to a place where no one could find him out, he was hiding there and not heard of anymore. He himself believing to be living a retired life adopted the false name of Ghaibi which meant to the word invisible. Mirza Nathan's eye-witness accounts have provided detailed and lucid accounts of the Mughal conquest of Kamarupa, Kachhar and Assam.

Police observation on Aircraft plots

2006-08-10T06:15:00.000-07:00

Police observation on Aircraft plots: The police have started their work that they have bee process in observing the plot for months and they have also said that they have to the investigation after finding information which suggested an attack was due in the coming days. A statement was made by one of the police spokesperson that” A major terrorist plot to allegedly blow up aircraft in mid-flight has been disrupted in a joint, pre-planned, intelligence-led operation by the Metropolitan Police Anti-Terrorist Branch and security services, Twenty-one people were arrested in London, High Wycombe and Birmingham on the morning of August 10th, and are currently in custody.

Early Stages of a pregnant woman and her health

2006-07-28T05:30:00.000-07:00

Pregnancy is not an easy job for a woman. Starting from conception to birth, a woman's body carries out the most miraculous process of fertilization, implantation and the maturity and growth of her baby (or babies). Her body is her baby's dwelling place for the next nine months (or around 40 weeks) and the occurrences of pregnancy turn into a journey of many new physical feelings. Whether it is first, second, third (or more) pregnancy, her body will respond in a different way to each individual pregnancy. So health of a pregnant woman is very important to be taken care of. Throughout the first 12 weeks of pregnancy called the '1st trimester’, a woman's body adjust to present a fostering and protective environment for her baby to grow and develop. Seldom, the early signs of pregnancy can make a woman feel puzzled. This may be for the reason that many of the physical signs of in the early hours of pregnancy such as enlarged tender breasts, sensitivity of tiredness, overstuffed and perhaps experiencing spasms and/or pelvic uneasiness can be considered as normal pre-menstrual signs. In all these stages the health of the woman declines because she is not only feeding herself, also her little developing fetus.
They may also sense disgusted or sick, due to morning sickness. It is not unusual to feel unsure about what is 'normal' during the early stages of pregnancy development, and unfamiliar signs or sensations may trigger concerns about the health, of her and baby. It’s been proved by the Gynecologists that every woman's body will react in a different way to being pregnant. Many women find their early pregnancy symptoms very difficult to cope with, both at work and generally.

Due to continuous vomiting and nourishing the fetus the pregnant woman may be exhausted very easily. She has to constantly keep her energetic by maintaining a healthy diet schedule as prescribed by the physicians. She can have more fresh green vegetables and fruit juices to make her feel fresh and energetic. It’s always significant to make sure that she avoids drinking and smoking because whatever she has will be directly absorbed by the baby. Once the fetus starts developing she has to get primed for all the obstacles she has to experience throughout pregnancy. Many psychologists predict that a healthy pregnancy is not only from taking care of the nutrition for the pregnant women, more than that she has to be taken care from all the hassles in her family. It’s the duty of a loving husband to caress her comfortably and keep her happy always throughout the gestation period. This will not only make the woman feel happy and hopeful it will directly lead to the good development of the fetus.

Thunderstorm

2006-06-29T23:45:00.000-07:00

A thunderstorm, or an electrical storm, is a form of weather characterized by the presence of lightning and its attendant thunder. It is usually accompanied by copious rainfall, hail, or rarely, snowfall in the winter months, sometimes termed thundersnow.

Thunderstorms occur throughout the world, even in the polar regions, with the greatest frequency in tropical rainforest areas, where they may occur nearly daily. Kampala and Tororo in Uganda have each been mentioned as the most thunderous places on Earth, an accolade which has also been bestowed upon Bogor on Java, Indonesia. In temperate regions, they are most frequent in spring and summer, though can occur in cold fronts at any time of year. Probably the most thunderous region outside of the Tropics is Florida. During the summer, violent thunderstorms are an almost daily occurrence over central and southern parts of the state. The most powerful and dangerous severe thunderstorms also occur over the USA, particularly in the Midwest and the southern States. These storms can produce very large hail and powerful tornadoes. Thunderstorms are rare along the West Coast of the United States, though they do occur more frequently in inland areas.

Thunderstorms form when significant condensation—resulting in the production of a wide range of water droplets and ice crystals—occurs in an atmosphere that is unstable and supports deep, rapid upward motion. This often occurs in the presence of three conditions: sufficient moisture accumulated in the lower atmosphere, reflected by high dewpoint temperatures; a significant fall in air temperature with increasing height, known as a steep adiabatic lapse rate; and a force such as mechanical convergence along a cold front to focus the lift.

Features of ambiLOG web

2006-06-04T22:50:00.000-07:00

• Additional web-based module for ambiLOG
• Additional web browser interfaces available
• All reports from ambiLOG available
• Automatic synchronisation with ambiLOG
• Easy to use with your web browser
• Multilingual
• Supports Linux, Unix and Windows platform
AmbiLOG: call accounting for SwyxWare

For the vast majority of businesses, telephony is still the most popular form of business communication. Therefore it is critical that the effectiveness of this tool is easy to monitor and account for. For example, do you know which parts of your business generate the highest calling costs, or how many calls fail to reach you because of busy lines, or when exactly your peak hours are?
Many modern computer-based PBXs can provide customers with a wealth of valuable data but that data is often hidden in endless columns of numbers. ambiLOG is a flexible and convenient tool that works in conjunction with SwyxWare to make the available information easy to analyse.

Solution overview

ambiLOG’s clear and well-organised user inter-face makes it easy to use even for
beginners. The standard ambiLOG version runs on any Windows PC or server. There is an optional web-client called ambiLOG Web which lets you use all ambiLOG features over the internet. In addition ambiLOG can also send reports automatically by email. The power of ambiLOG Queries are one of ambiLOG’s most powerful features. With queries, you can easily sort and filter large and small files containing call data. It’s as simple as dragging and dropping the relevant search criteria in the order you need. The result: an instantaneous structured overview of all the data.
The reporting features with ambiLOG make this a valuable tool for monitoring costs within your business. You can see at a glance which users, projects, departments or extensions have generated the highest costs and how much time has been spent on the phone. And, the option to see a concise overview of the top 10 highest costs as well as a detailed report with all connections allows you to spend just as much time as you need managing your business. You even have the choice of how to view the reports - in text or graphical form. Customisable for your business with fully automated operation ambiLOG features can be implemented to reflect the internal structure of your company such as departments, project groups and employees. In addition, users can be imported from your SwyxServer and linked to extensions and user information created in ambiLOG. Once configured, ambiLOG works fully automatically if you want it to. By setting up schedules, ambiLOG can automatically gather date from the SwyxServer and generate reports which can be sent to you via email. Features of ambiLOG web

• Additional web-based module for ambiLOG
• Additional web browser interfaces available
• All reports from ambiLOG available
• Automatic synchronisation with ambiLOG
• Easy to use with your web browser
• Multilingual
• Supports Linux, Unix and Windows platform
AmbiLOG: call accounting for SwyxWare

For the vast majority of businesses, telephony is still the most popular form of business communication. Therefore it is critical that the effectiveness of this tool is easy to monitor and account for. For example, do you know which parts of your business generate the highest calling costs, or how many calls fail to reach you because of busy lines, or when exactly your peak hours are?
Many modern computer-based PBXs can provide customers with a wealth of valuable data but that data is often hidden in endless columns of numbers. ambiLOG is a flexible and convenient tool that works in conjunction with SwyxWare to make the available information easy to analyse.

Homeoffersusa

2006-06-04T22:49:00.002-07:00

Online home sales have become more prominent in the real estate field. As per the recent data it’s recorded that most of the prominent states in USA and other prominent states worldwide prefer to sell home fast and therefore look forward for professionals who buy houses for cash and complete the real estate transactions quickly and easily within a short span of time. The deliberate devise of the internet in the web world has fastened the rate of home sales in this way. The online home sales professionals have real estate listings on their site covering most of the prominent states and other provinces worldwide especially USA, UK and Europe.

This novel strategy with which the people can make their home buying and selling process themselves by just sitting at home browsing through the net. This is the best way the buyer or seller prefers without lose of time and energy. More over there is no brokerage commission or any other fees to be paid to the online home sale professionals because they provide all the information’s cost free because they want to achieve a fast rate buying & selling process in the real estate field with their valued customers.

Some of online home buyers buy any type of homes for sales confined to a particular locality. They buy old, ugly, ruined, spoilt, damaged houses which are not preferred by most of the home buyers. They buy houses for cash demanded by the home seller. Home selling process which was very tiresome to people sometime back has now turned to be an easy going process with online home sale experts. In spite of high competition in the real estate field for new houses in most of the important destinies, the online home sales experts have proved to gather more homes in the market. They can easily buy homes for sale in such places.

Any lay man can make the home buying & selling process easy by just gathering the information’s in the internet. The online home sales professionals would be glad to welcome you and find the dream house for you in just few days time. They also give ample information’s regarding the search for a home in a particular city. Nowadays home buyers are very particular in selecting their house and for this reason; most of the online realtors furnish all the details of the house in the real estate listings along with the photos, sketch and maps of the house destined to the particular location within the country. They also help people to find houses in the country where they are recently relocated.

India tourism

2006-06-04T22:49:00.001-07:00

We organize tourism in India, building India tourism a pleasurable affair. We offer variable custom-made travel tour India packages customized to cover Indiana tourism in a more successful way. You can merge into the India culture sports and tourism surrounded by India tour breaks. Toptourguide.com gives you all the information essential for an unforgettable experience in India tourism. Make the best opportunity to tour and travel in India – a country of culture and conditions.

Vacation Villas

2006-06-04T22:49:00.000-07:00

A villa is a luxurious house built for the upper class people of Rome. An ancient author and Natural philosopher Mr. Pliny describes more in writtings about the Roman villas of the empire. He categorises the villas as two types they are the villa urbana and villa rustica. The villa urbana was a country seat which could easily be reached within a night or two from the Rome or another city. And the villa rustica is the farm house estate. These farm house estates are permanently occupied by the servants who had charge generally of the estate, which would center on the villa itself, perhaps these villas are seasonally occupied.

The dwelling quarters, consisting of several low buildings, included recreation facilities and lodgings for the servants. The villa rustica, which is the farmhouse type, had barns, orchards, and vineyards, and the villa urbana type which are used as a pleasure retreat had the incidental garden architecture adorned with fountains and sculptures.

There are other villas that originated during different periods like post-roman villas, renaissance villas, Palladio’s villas, English villas and modern villas.

Florida Lifestyle

2006-06-04T22:48:00.001-07:00

Florida is an enchanting city located in southern United States. This magical land is filled with fun and excitement. Popularly called as “The Sunshine City”, Florida exhibits a wonderful moderate climate through out the year. The major attraction in Florida is its superb weather, this city experiences long and warm summers and cool winters. Extremes of climate are very rare in Florida. This is the reason for the migration of elderly people from the colder northern parts of United States. This pleasant weather also attracts a lot of tourists. The most fascinating aspect of Florida is its diversified cities. Each city located in Florida houses something unique and different.

People flock to Florida not only for its tourist attractions but also for its employment opportunities. Florida presents a variety of job opportunities; this is because mixtures of industries are present in this state. There are many media and gaming industries in various cities in Florida, so people interested in this field come to Florida. This state contains a lot of software and hardware industries, which invites all the software and hardware professionals.

Living in the orange country Florida gives you a fabulous experience. The taxes collected in Florida are, the sales tax, the use tax, intangible tax and the corporate income tax. There is no need to pay the personnel income tax in Florida. Some people consider the cost of living in Florida to be a bit expensive; the housing prices are also high in and around the state of Florida.

All kinds of foodstuffs are available in Florida. Owing to its suitable climate it produces a variety of fruits and vegetables. Florida is the dream place for people from other parts of the world; the reason for this is the breadth taking “Disney Land” in Orlando. This popular attraction point receives more than a million of visitors every year. Florida’s major part of economy comes from the tourists industry, while the other kind of manufacturing industries also give a helping hand.

Since millions of people visit Florida, this state is also filled with restaurants, bars and clubs. Florida contains a large variety of restaurants, and these restaurants serve different cuisines. Nightclubs and bars are also popular in this city.

Florida Vacation Resort

2006-06-04T22:48:00.000-07:00

Florida is the most beautiful state in southeast United States. Florida is situated on the peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean and Straits of Florida. The Florida also has a Spanish adjective meaning called flowery. Tallahassee is the capital for the state florida. Jacksonville is the largest city in florida. The Florida has a nickname called "The Sunshine State". In United States the Central florida is called the lightning capital. Florida is said to be the most beautiful state in United States. It has various vacation spots like disney land, busch garden, sea world, everglades, florida beaches and many more. Orlando has become the most popular tourist area, because of disney world. As the major attraction is tourism in florida, it plays the major part for improving the florida economy.

Fabvillas

2006-06-04T22:47:00.001-07:00

Florida, being the harbor city invites enormous tourists to spend their holidays in an unimagined way. Authentic Florida will help you discover a new thrill and excitement throughout your vacation in the prominent places of interest such as the Orlando coastline beach, the Disney land, etc, of the sunshine state. Finding the best rentals/villas in such a place in very difficult but the private rentals/villas organizers over there help you to reduce your time in sorting out luxury rentals in such places.

Florida, being an island is simply magnificent surrounded by water. If mankind has thought of a water sport, then it is bound to be available here. Parasailing above the water, skiing on the water and swimming in the water sounds to be a thrilling experience both for the young and the old. Besides all these attractions, finding a comfortable place to stay is a bit tedious process for the visitors. The private luxury rental home owner’s help people discover the luxurious and all expected rentals at affordable rates confined to a particular area. They also offer flexible services to their customers by providing them the best standardized rentals and make them feel it as a home away from home. All the private rentals/villas are confined to the prominent places which make the tourists feel comfortable in sighting through the places in and around Florida.

The tourists will find all the information and details about the privately owned vacation rentals or villas in Florida when they browse online. Many private rentals/villas offer much information on the luxury rental homes with all the needs and standards to satisfy the tourists. They also provide the travelers with certain tips to help them plan their vacation in the new place and suggest visiting nearby places including various new entertainment and activities put forth by some organizations in Florida especially for children. They also offer the tourists with the opportunity of selecting the rental home of their own choice in any prominent locality of their interest. They have flexible rentals to suit all needs whether it being just a couple or the whole extended family. Private vacation rental homes are privately owned and are situated in desirable locations. Their rental homes offer their special attention to the tourists from various parts oft the world who are new to Florida and provide them with all the details that many hotels are unable to offer making a villa holiday a true home from home experience.

Auto Transport

2006-06-04T22:47:00.000-07:00

Transportation was considered to be a luxury in the ancient times but now it has become a real necessity. Man being a technological animal has developed various modes of transportation. In which auto-transport stands out to be the striking feature.
Vehicle shipping is not a very easy task, before this vehicle shipping came in to existence, people were helpless about transporting there vehicles. So if they needed to move out of the city or country their vehicle transportation was impossible. But auto transport served to be a real remedy for this problem.
Auto transportation service is nothing but a carrier service which transports your vehicles, across the city or country. If you plan to leave the country or city then you are now free to take your vehicle with you. This service is economical than selling your own vehicle in one place and then buying the same in another new place.
Auto transport proves to be the best way, or it is the only way of shipping your adored vehicles safely. But there are some basic points to be checked before selecting a auto- transportation service.

1. First we need to check whether our vehicles are in safe hands, so that our vehicles remain undamaged during the transportation process.
2. Regardless of the mode of transportation employed we have to obtain insurance for our vehicle. This proves to be a protective method.
3. The services offered by the vehicle shipping company should be taken into consideration. Their delivery services and our conveniences should be taken into account.
4. If our vehicle needs to be stored, be it short or long term, we have to check whether the storage facilities are up to the mark.
5. If you need to check whether any company is properly licensed then visit the website of Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
6. Before you ship your vehicle enquire about the transportation time in advance, check out whether the company offers speedy vehicle shipping
7. Confirm with the company about their inspection services.
8. Enquire about the conditions and environment about the carrier which is used to transport your vehicle.
9. And finally select a company which demands a fair shipping price in accordance with their services.

Mp3 player Accessories

2006-06-04T22:46:00.000-07:00

We are living in a millennium where the technological advancements are above imagination. One such mind blowing audio breakthrough is the mp3 players. These mp3 players come in a variety of sizes ranging from huge players to small handy ones which could be carried everywhere. The mp3 player also called as the audio digital player comes with fancy buttons, cute icons, smart accessories and unbelievable features. They also possess an interactive display. You get players consisting of a variety of display. The display sizes also range from small to big. Mp3 players can be used with so many different accessories.

Nowadays we are able to use these players to connect to our computers where we can transfer files from our computer to the mp3 player. This ability makes the mp3 player very useful and also it avoids the use of compact disks. The innovative gadgets and accessories used with the mp3 player is aeat technological progress. The storage capacity in the mp3 player is much larger when compared to other storage medium. This high storage capacity is achieved, because all the files are stored in a compressed manner. You can even download free mp3 files from the internet legally. The mp3 players reached the heights of popularity because these audio digital players emphasized on quality. Quality is one unbeatable factor in these

Debt consolidation

2006-06-04T22:45:00.000-07:00

Debt consolidation is the process by which a consumer exchanges one loan for another taking various factors in to consideration. Factors such as reduction of average interest rate, reduced to one credit payment from multiple creditors, reduction of past interest or penalty charges, obtaining a payment plan as per the capability of an individual and becoming debt free individual at a faster rate.
Advantages1. Reduction of average interest rate:Taking multiple credit interest rate (which varies from one credit card to another) in to account will have a high interest when compared to one single credit interest for the whole amount with a low interest rate. So an individual may choose this option to reduce his interest rate.2. Reduction to one credit payment:An individual may use many credit cards and pay his bills for all the credit cards. This may need a good management technique depending up on the number of cards in use. If you use more number of credit cards then the planning need to be done more appropriately and executed timely where as if you have one credit card your job is done in a way simple and easily executable. One hence opts to shift from multiple loan payments to one loan payment program replacing all the rest.3. Reduction of past interest or penalty charges:One opting for debt consolidation may go for reduction of past interest or penalty charges paid for the borrowed amount under certain options. Options include high interest rate or penalty charges placed for the credited amount, when the total amount paid in the history till date exceeds the borrowed amount, or if it is a very long duration payment program going for 5 yrs or above. Under each case stated one can reduce the past interest and penalty charges or sometimes even eliminate those and pay only the amount borrowed.4. Obtaining a payment plan:This payment plan is given to the consumer analyzing the capability of an individual by thoroughly going through the personal needs of an individual, his responsibilities etc after which the debt consolidator restructures the existing plans taken by the consumer.5. Becoming debt free at a faster rate:Taking debt consolidation program relieves a person from debts at a faster rate than the usual time, which is required to come out of the debt. Following the plans given by a debt consolidator and proper execution of the plan will surely make an individual debt free and obtain high credit scores.
Disadvantages1. When applying for a loan to replace another you go under the secured loan payment plan placed against an asset such as a home, car or any belongings. Hence at a risk of closing the loan through the asset placed against the loan.
2. You tend to use your credit cards again since you had paid back the credit amount through another loan. Hence the usage of credit cards ads up to your debts ending up in bankruptcy.

Home Accents

2006-05-24T21:41:00.000-07:00

Making judgments of value requires a basis for criticism: a way to determine whether the impact of the object on the senses meets the criteria to be considered art, whether it is perceived to be ugly or beautiful. Perception is always colored by experience, so a reaction to art as 'ugly' or 'beautiful' is necessarily subjective. The Framed Art is used as home accents.

Because of its elusive nature, "good" art is not always, or even regularly, appealing. In other words, it does not have to be "nice-looking", and often depicts terrible images made for social, moral, or thought-provoking reasons. Coat Hangers are used for home decorations.

Countless schools have proposed their own ways to define quality, yet they all seem to agree in at least one point once their aesthetic choices are accepted, the home decorations, value of the work of art is determined by its capacity to transcend the limits of its chosen medium in order to strike some universal chord (which, oddly enough, tends to be the most personal one).

Water Filters

2006-05-19T21:44:00.000-07:00

Filters are the devices that help to remove impurities from water by means of a physical separators or chemical instruments. Water Distillers cleanse water for irrigation, drinking water, aquariums and swimming pools. They can also be bought in the shops for domestic purpose. Two major brands are PUR and Brita. These filters take away the impure contents from the water. The presence of such impure contents may cause diseases like cancer, jaundice etc and things that taste or smell bad. The composition of filters is based solely on sieving, ion exchanges and other processes.

UV Filters have the ability of killing the majority of bacteria and viruses present in the water and one, which passes through them. Sand based water filters are generally used for more than hundred years for wastewater treatment. These filters are used on a larger scale to treat a water supply for a whole community, and they are custom made.

Charcoal Water Filters are generally from coconut husk as a filter medium. This generally takes in impurities as the water passes through. This form of filter comprises possibly 95% of those in use domestically, because they are very easy to install, they are comparatively cheaper, and filter out the dreadful contaminants, Cryptosporidium and Giardia. An average charcoal filter will last a family 6-9 months. They are also enhanced by the use of activated silver, which provides extra antibacterial power of filtering. Minerals in solution can still enrich a charcoal filter. Such Minerals improvise health.